Engels proposed it in 1868, and few paid attention to it. The human species is naturally inclined towards creating open and non-exclusive sexual and emotional bonds. The biological sciences have observed it for centuries: the continuation of the species through the replication of the genetic information is the last purpose of existence in living beings. How we do it, whether for enjoyment or instinct, is a matter of style, it is our decision. Engels explained it in 1868 in his essay originally titled Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staats (The origin of the Family, Private Property and the State) with an analysis focused on social anthropology. His essay begins with an account of the state of the art in terms of social behavior and parental and family bonds known for that time. The findings were observed in primitive hunter-gatherer societies and the evidence could still be seen (in 1700 - 1900) in isolated communities with little influence by colonizing processes such as the Iroquois in North America.
Imagine
thousands of small groups of hominids scattered throughout all ecosystems on
earth grouped within the taxonomic genus Homo, hunting other animals and
gathering fruits from about 2.5 million years ago, until the times of the
Agricultural Revolution (the domestication of the first plants) about 12.000
years ago. Historically, this period is called Paleolithic. These gangs were
characterized by lacking private property, because due to nomadism they could
not carry more belongings than what they could wear. The only properties - from
a materialistic perspective - they had were their own members. Thus, in
pre-history, people within their small communities mutually belonged to each
other, and tended to be egalitarian in both duties and rights. This is where Homo Sapiens shared family ties and sex
with each other. The reproduction of the species could be classified as
endogamous, that is, between individuals of the same group, lineage or family.
This
type of social and economic organization would be called by Marx and Engels as
primitive communism. There were no private means of production, the community's
offspring, consequently, were a common good. The basis of these theories,
almost 160 years old, are still valid. The historian Yuval Noah Harari presents
it in his book “Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind”.
“In this band, a woman could
have sex and intimate ties with several men (and women) simultaneously, and all
the adults in the group cooperated in raising their children. Since no man knew
definitively which of the children was his, the men showed equal concern for
all the young people.”
This
behavior sounds unthinkable to many of the opponents of this theory. However,
it is found in our closest wild relatives: chimpanzees and bonobos. Given this,
a question arises: If this is so natural, why family bonds are not open any
longer? Engels connects this paradigm shift with the transformation of the
socio-economic relationships that gave rise to the accumulation of merchandise,
the division of labour and the capitalism. As the environment and surroundings
evolve, cultural and economic relationships change causing social habits to
transform.
In the
beginning, hunting and gathering only allowed tribes to grow with the
availability of food and store it for only short periods of time. The meats and
fruits were eaten almost immediately after being obtained. But the evolution
towards sedentary societies thanks to the domestication of plants and the
development of agriculture, allowed the ancient inhabitants to cultivate, store
and accumulate. The division of labor due to the diversification of activities
and the need to collect and save in these first cities, brought the need to
establish a line of lineage to be able to transfer wealth through descent.
These
processes, where private property is the basis, also modified the perception of
humans among them, giving rise to the privatization of women and the formation
of the family (as we know it today) as the fundamental basis of the new social class
economic system. The possession of the woman by the man was the only means to
ensure a continuous and stable family, where he could recognize his line of
inheritance and accumulate wealth and consequently power and capital. Thus, it
was possible to guarantee the division of the growing cities (in number and
goods) into smaller compartments where the collective interest was replaced by
the individual advantage of specific unions or families. With the privatization
of women, a period of relative stagnation in the genetic evolution of the human
species also begins, since the family, used as a social contract to favor
privatization and power structures, also prevents the continuous mutation of
the species.
But at
what point did religion become so insistently rooted in the idea of the
private family as dogma? And why does the idea of non-exclusive human
relationships or that attempt against the monolithic idea of family bother
religions so much? Answering these questions is not easy, in the words of the
Aleteia Catholic portal, the family has a definition and a reason for being:
“The Christian family, that which is
constituted by the spouses (male and female) and whose culmination of their
expression of devotion and elective love is to engender their children; it is
the greatest and most perfect image of God on earth. In the same way that God
is three being one, the family is also constituted by three making it one.
The sacredness of the family
is preceded by the indissoluble bond of the spousal union, in such a way that
it is the Lord himself who condemns adultery as an attack on such sanctity,
unity, and indissolubility, since it perverts the face of God and leads divorce
and polygamous societies to decline. "
This
message says nothing and says everything, the arguments go beyond reason and
are absolute, therefore, any lie can be accommodated to the convenience of
those who hold the name of God and invoke him as an authority. What we can
analyze from experience is the intimate connection between religions and power,
the power that money has been exercising for 12.000 years. Because, in what way
could power and money exist without a closed vision of the family? One that is
defended by the myth of religion and an irrefutable supreme truth. Without the
exclusive family structure there is not much room for inheritance of privilege.
If we don't privatize objects, we won't privatize people either.
But
this model of exclusive, private and human-as-possessions relationships has
been dying since it began. Capitalism, where everything has a price and an
owner, even people, has caused deep social conflicts. Emotional-sexual
exclusivity is not alien to these conflicts and has shown contradictory
shortcomings to itself throughout history.
Currently, the affective bond between couples is called love
and at the same time it is confused with possession of the other. The
interaction of the members of the relationship with other individuals is
limited with the excuse that this would break the definition of love. Love is
the God that is invoked and defended at all costs, but who defined it that way?
It does not matter; the gods do not need explanation or questioning. As you can
see, it is a vicious circle where love cannot be questioned because of love, as
"someone" defined it. Couples believe that free love implies a lack
of commitment or the breaking of emotional links. However, the treatment
between humans as free beings to choose their relationship model empowers
individuals and places them in the position they want to take in society. This
perspective highlights that the "love" defined according to the
members of the relationship is consensual and freely chosen, and that therefore
it is more solid and stable.
It is not worth trying to think if we have to modify society
or modify our reasoning to change the way we perceive human relationships. Both
are in permanent synergy and interdependence. The invitation goes towards the
creation of a critical thought of us as writers of our history and as
protagonists of the life that best fits us.
I do not want to conclude with an incitement to return to the
primitive social organization and consequently to make this world a great orgy,
but rather to a reevaluation of emotional and sexual ties where a critical
analysis is the basis of our relationships. An analysis from the feelings
cannot be an objective way to evaluate the emotions, since this understanding
is partialized from the moment it arises. Rather, to make a judicious
evaluation of our position we must choose to inform ourselves about the facts
and not about the passions. There is no perfect model of a relationship as a
couple, because we all have a different understanding and life story that has
shaped our perception of the world and feelings. An adaptive capacity to the
different conditions of our relationships will make us sentimentally stable and
more resilient to the changes of the turbulent sex-emotional-spiritual life.
A polyamorous experience
In some journey through Central American countries during
that forgotten 2016, I discovered the spontaneous and natural love that gathered
me with all people as a unit. I understood that love transcended languages,
customs, races, nationalities and even sexual gender. True "love" was
pure, intense, and selfless. A love in a broad sense, not romantic but
emotional, visceral, primitive, the love of caring for the other. That love
that is born naturally with a look or a conversation and is not only sexual. I
fell in love with the warmth of people, with their treatment as if I were their
son, their brother, their grandson. I fell in love with the personalities of
some women and the camaraderie of some men. This is how people love in today's
world in a primitive way, without permanent ties (or sometimes so) but with
strong unions that transcend the family; without social titles but with
invisible and unbreakable connections, those that after 12,000 years are still
latent in our primitive inner self.
The non-desire society (paraphrased from
Carolina Sanin)
We are living in an de-eroticized, fast-consuming and
self-pleasing society. The fast pace of life extinguishes the desire of slowly
enjoying the pleasures of existence such as sex. Pornography and social
networks synthesize this pathology, as they provide immediate pleasure like a
shot of liquor. The masturbatory pulsion dominates over the effort involved in
establishing links between people. During the day, the intensity of the routine
and the bombardment of information from the digital world controls our desire,
turning us into pleasure automatons, leading us to a repetitive drug-reaction
dynamic.
Bogotá, June 14, 2016 - Jena, July 14, 2021